Web hosting colocation - Configuring your shell You can tune your shell
Configuring your shell You can tune your shell to help you work more efficiently. Your prompt can provide pertinent information each time you press Enter. You can set aliases to save your keystrokes and permanently set environment variables to suit your needs. To make each change occur when you start a shell, you can add this information to your shell configuration files. Several configuration files support how your shell behaves. Some of these files are executed for every user and every shell. Others are specific to the particular user that creates the configuration file. Here are the files that are of interest to anyone using the bash shell in Linux: /etc/profile This file sets up user environment information for every user. It is executed when you first log in and the shell starts. This file provides default values for your path, your prompt, the maximum file size that you can create, and the default permissions for the files that you create. It also sets environment variables for such things as the location of your mailbox and the size of your history files. /etc/bashrc This file is executed for every user that runs the bash shell. It is read each time a bash shell is opened. It sets the default prompt and may add one or more aliases. Values in this file can be overridden by information in each user s ~/.bashrc file. ~/.bash_profile This file is used by each user to enter information that is specific to their own use of the shell. It is executed only once, when the user logs in. By default it sets a few environment variables and executes the user s .bashrc file. ~/.bashrc This file contains the bash information that is specific to your bash shells. It is read when you log in and also each time you open a new bash shell. This is the best location to add environment variables and aliases so that your shell picks them up. ~/.bash_logout This file executes each time you log out (exit the last bash shell). By default, it simply clears your screen. To change the /etc/profile or /etc/bashrc files, you must be the root user. Any user can change the information in the $HOME/.bash_profile, $HOME/.bashrc, and $HOME/.bash_logout files in their own home directories. The following sections provide ideas about things to add to your shell configuration files. In most cases, you add these values to the .bashrc file in your home directory. However, if you are an administrator for a system, you may want to set some of these values as defaults for all of your Linux system s users. Setting your prompt Your prompt consists of a set of characters that appear each time the shell is ready to accept a command. Exactly what that prompt contains is determined by the value in the PS1 environment variable. If your shell requires additional input, it uses the values of PS2, PS3, and PS4. When your Red Hat Linux system is installed, your prompt is set to include the following information: your user name, your hostname, and the base name of your current working directory. That information is surrounded by brackets and followed by a dollar sign (for regular users) or a pound sign (for the root user). Here is an example of that prompt:
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