The plus sign (+) next to number 5 (How to cite a web site)
The plus sign (+) next to number 5 shows that this is the job that was most recently placed in the background. The minus sign (-) next to number 4 shows that it was placed in the background just before the most recent background job. Because job 1 requires terminal input, it cannot run in the background. As a result, it appears as Stopped until it is brought to the foreground again. Tip To see the process ID for the background job, add an -l option to the jobs command. If you type ps, you can use the process ID to figure out which command is associated with a particular background command. Using foreground and background commands Continuing with the example shown, you can bring any of the commands on the jobs list into the foreground. For example, if you are ready to edit myfile again, you can type: $ fg %1 As a result, the vi command opens again, with all the text as it was when you stopped the vi job. Caution Before you put a text processor, word processor, or similar program in the background, make sure you save your file. It’s easy to forget you have a program in the background and you will lose your data if you log out or the computer reboots later on. To refer to a background job (to cancel it or bring it to the foreground), you can use a percent sign (%) followed by the job number. You can also use the following to refer to a background job: % A percent sign alone refers to the most recent command put into the background (indicated by the plus sign). This action brings the command to the foreground. %string Refers to a job where the command begins with a particular string of characters. The string must be unambiguous. (In other words, typing %vi when there are two vi commands in the background, results in an error message.) %?string Refers to a job where the command line contains a string at any point. The string must be unambiguous or the match will fail. %– Refers to the previous job stopped before the one most recently stopped. If a command is stopped, you can start it running again in the background using the bg command. For example, take job number 5 from the jobs list in the previous example: [5]+ Stopped nroff -man man4/* >/tmp/man4 Type the following: $ bg %5 After that, the job runs in the background. Its jobs entry appears as follows: [5] Running nroff -man man4/* >/tmp/man4 & Tip After a background command is done, an Exit message will be displayed the next time you press Enter (before a new shell prompt is displayed). If you want to have the exit message appear the moment the command completes, you must set the notify variable. To do this, type export notify=yes.
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