Adding aliases Setting aliases (Web server setup) can save you even
Adding aliases Setting aliases can save you even more typing than setting environment variables. With aliases, you can have a string of characters execute an entire command line. You can add and list aliases with the alias command. Here are some examples: alias p= pwd ; ls -CF alias rm= rm -i In the first example, the letter p is assigned to run the command pwd, and then to run ls -CF to print the current working directory and list its contents in column form. The second runs the rm command with the -i option each time you simply type rm. (This is an alias that is often set automatically for the root user, so that instead of just removing files, you are prompted for each individual file removal. This prevents you from removing all the files in a directory by mistakenly typing something such as rm *.) While you are in the shell, you can check which aliases are set by typing the alias command. If you want to remove an alias, you can type unalias. (Remember that if the alias is set in a configuration file, it will be set again when you open another shell.) Working with the Red Hat Linux File System The Red Hat Linux file system is the structure in which all the information on your computer is stored. Files are organized within a hierarchy of directories. Each directory can contain files, as well as other directories. If you were to map out the files and directories in Red Hat Linux, it would look like an upside down tree. At the top is the root directory, which is represented by a single slash (/). Below that is a set of common directories in the Linux system, such as /bin, /dev, /home, /lib, and /tmp, to name a few. Each of those directories, as well as directories added to the root, can contain subdirectories. Figure 3-2 illustrates how the Linux file system is organized as a hierarchy. To illustrate how directories are connected, Figure 3-2 shows a /home directory that contains subdirectories for three users: chris, mary, and tom. Within the chris directory are three subdirectories: briefs, memos, and personal. To refer to a file called inventory in the chris memos directory, you could type the full path of /home/chris/memos/inventory. If your current directory were /home/chris/memos, you could refer to the file as simply inventory. Figure 3-2: The Red Hat Linux file system is organized as a hierarchy of directories. Some of the Red Hat Linux directories that may be of interest to you include the following: /bin Contains common Linux user commands, such as ls, sort, date, and chmod. /dev Contains files representing access points to devices on your systems. These include terminal devices (tty), floppy disks (fd), hard disks (hd), RAM (ram), and CD-ROM (cd). (Users normally
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