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When there, query for the word Linux to find any problem reports and fixes. When you install the RealPlayer, you are asked if you want to configure it to be used as a Netscape plug-in (which I strongly recommend you do). After that, when you open any Real content, the RealPlayer automatically opens to handle the content. As an alternative, you can start the RealPlayer from a Terminal window on your desktop by typing the following: realplay & Figure 8-7 shows the RealPlayer window. Figure 8-7: Play music videos, sports, and news from the Web with RealPlayer. After you have RealPlayer, you can visit some sites to get content to play on your RealPlayer. I suggest starting at the RealGuide site (realguide.real.com). This is a guide to audio and video on the Internet that plays on RealPlayers. The guide has links to radio shows and events that are live at the moment. There are also special news reports and links to music, show business, sports, science/technical, society, money, and shopping sites that use this technology. Using a Digital Camera with gPhoto With the gPhoto window, you can download images from digital cameras. gPhoto works by attaching one of the supported digital cameras to a serial port on your computer. You can view an index of thumbnails of the digital images from the camera, view full-size digital images, and download the ones you select from the camera to your Linux system. Check the gPhoto Web site (http://www.gphoto.org/) for information on supported cameras as well as other topics related to gPhoto. Here is a list of digital cameras that are currently supported. Agfa ePhoto Supported models: 307, 708, 708C, 1280, and 1680. Apple QuickTake Supported models: 150 and 200. Cannon PowerShot Supported models: A5, A5 Zoom, A50, A70, S10, and S20. Casio QV Supported models: 10, 10A, 11, 30, 70, 100, 200, 700, and 5000SX.
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Figure 8-6: Use controls to play and control video content with Xanim. The controls are fairly straightforward. Controls along the top row (in the order they appear) let you go back one frame at a time, play backward, pause, play forward, and go forward one frame at a time, respectively. Plus and minus keys let you speed up and slow down play, respectively. The plus and minus speakers let you increase or decrease the sound volume. You can also control Xanim play from the mouse or the keyboard. Move forward or backward a frame at a time using the right and left mouse buttons, respectively. Press the middle mouse button to start and stop the animation. From the keyboard, press the Spacebar to start and stop the animation. To quit Xanim, press Q. Here are a few cool things to do with Xanim: Try starting Xanim with the +root option. This causes the video or animation to be tiled on to the root X screen as it plays. Add the +Sr option to the end of the xadmin command line. This enables you to resize the animation window on the fly. (A larger window can slow down playback.) Add the +T2 option to the end of the command line to show the frame numbers along with the filename of the animation as it plays. RealPlayer A tremendous amount of content is available on the Internet in the RealMedia and RealAudio formats. You can see and hear video clips of popular musicians and comics. You can view live events, such as conferences, news stories, and concerts. You can also listen to your favorite radio stations when you are out of town. To play RealMedia and RealAudio content you need, as you may have guessed, the RealPlayer. Real Networks (http://www.real.com/) is a leader in streaming media on the Internet. More than 50 million unique users have registered with Real Networks and their Web site, downloading more than 175,000 files per day. And that s not even the good news. The good news is that a RealPlayer is available to run in Red Hat Linux. To get a free download of RealPlayer, go to the RealPlayer download page (www.real.com/products/player). When you get there, click a link to the free player (RealPlayer 8 Basic), then select the OS as UNIX or Linux. You are asked to fill out a form to get a free download. You need to select the type of system you are using and the CPU. Choose the Linux version that supports libc6 for i386 (or if there is an RPM available, choose that). The RealPlayer for Linux is also available via the Linux area of download.com. The instructions for configuring RealPlayer are delivered in HTML format, so you can read it in Netscape or some other Web browser. If any patches or workarounds are required, you can find them in the Real Networks Knowledge Base. To get there, click Support (from most Real Networks pages), then click Knowledge Base.
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JPEG, Motion JPEG, Intergraph JPEG, Microsoft Video 1, Radius Cinepak, Intel Indeo 3.1, Intel Indeo 3.2, Intel Raw YUV, Creative CYUV, Uncompressed RGB, run length encoded, and editable MPEG. Quicktime Animations Supports several video codecs, including: Uncompressed raw video, Apple Graphics, Apple Animation, Apple Video, Radius Cinepak, Intel Indeo 3.1, Intel Indeo 3.2, Intel Raw YUV, Component Video, Photo JPEG, Kodak Photo CD, and Microsoft Video 1. SGI Movie Format Files Supports several video codecs, including: Uncompressed RGB, MVC1, MVC2, and JPEG. MPEG Animations Supports only Type I MPEG frames (ignoring Type GB and Type P frames). There are separate readme files that you need to read to add Radius Cinepak, Intel Indeo, and Creative Technology CYUV support. You can find those readme files in the directory /usr/share/doc/xanim*. Besides video and animations, Xanim can play several different audio formats as well. The following is a list of audio formats that Xanim supports: Quicktime Audio Supports these codecs: Unsigned PCM, signed PCM, uLAW, IMA4, GSM 6.10. SGI Movie Format Audio Supports these codecs: Unsigned PCM and signed PCM. WAV Audio Supports these WAV audio codecs: PCM, uLAW, MSADPCM, Intel DVI, and GSM. Any animation that doesn t already have audio can add a WAV audio and be played with Xanim. AU Audio Any animation that doesn t already have audio can add an AU audio and be played with Xanim. Tip To play an audio file along with a video clip, type xanim vidfile audfile, where vidfile is the name of a video clip or animation and audfile is the name of a WAV or AU audio file. The two files begin playing together. To start Xanim, type the following command from a Terminal window on your desktop: xanim file where file is the name of a video, animation, or audio file in a supported format. Figure 8-6 shows the Xanim viewer. The image on the right is an AVI file being played. On the left are the controls.
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Figure 8-5: The xplaymidi window shows each MIDI track as it plays. The instrument name is shown for each track (on the left), while bars (to the right) show the sound level for each track as it plays. Click the button representing each track to turn the track off or on. To hear what just a few tracks are doing, click the buttons on the tracks that you don t want to hear; you will then only hear the tracks you want. Playing Video If you want to show video clips or play streaming video from the Internet, your choices of software to do that are somewhat limited in Linux. You can play a variety of video formats, such as Quicktime and AVI, with the Xanim Viewer for X. There is a Linux version of the RealPlayer for playing a large volume of RealMedia content. Because you may be viewing video clips or streaming video from the Internet, you may want to incorporate some of this video technology in your Internet browser. Netscape includes the capability to play video (and other data types) in the Netscape Navigator Internet browser by adding what are called plug-ins or helper apps. The Plugger plug-in for Linux lets you incorporate several different video and audio technologies in Netscape. Xanim viewer The Xanim program is a viewer that runs on your X desktop. It can play animation, video, and audio files. Until Red Hat Linux 7.1, the xanim package was part of the Red Hat Linux Powertools CD. Though there is no longer a Powertools CD, you can download the xanim package from any Red Hat FTP site. The types of media formats Xanim supports are: Animations Supports FLI, FLC, IFF (with support for various compression, color cycling, and display modes), GIF87a (single and multiple image support) and GIF89a (with animation extensions), DL animations, Amiga PFX, Amiga MovieSetter, and Utah Raster Toolkit. AVI Animations Supports several video codecs (coders/decoders), including: IBM Ultimotion,
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Figure 8-4: Use dials to adjust volume and to seek songs in freeamp. Preferences for freeamp are stored in the $HOME/.freeamp/preferences file. Subdirectories to the .freeamp directory store information about your stored music, fonts, and themes used with the freeamp player. You can also run freeamp in text mode. To do this, add the -ui TextUI option to the freeamp command line. However, you don t have to add the -ui options. If the DISPLAY variable is set, the X interface of freeamp is started; if DISPLAY is not set, freeamp starts in text mode. The My Music Collection feature of freeamp lets you create and manage your own library of music. You can include MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 audio files. You can also save individual playlists. When you open a stored playlist, freeamp finds the files you listed and plays them back in the order you specified. To play a SHOUTcast/http stream or an RTP/multicast stream, specify a URL on the freeamp command line. For example, the first command line that follows represents a SHOUTcast stream and the second line represents a multicast stream: $ freeamp http://123.48.23.4:8000 $ freeamp rtp://132.43.21.4:4420 You can change the look and the arrangement of buttons on your freeamp window by changing the theme. Click the options button, click the Themes tab (from the Preferences window), select a theme from the Theme Selection area, and click OK. The new theme is immediately applied to freeamp. MIDI audio players MIDI stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface. MIDI files are created from synthesizers and other electronic music devices. MIDI files tend to be smaller than other kinds of audio files because, instead of storing the complete sounds, they contain the notes played. The MIDI player reproduces the notes to sound like a huge variety of MIDI instruments. There are lots of sites on the Internet for downloading MIDI files. Try the Ifni MIDI Music site (http://www.ifni.com/), which contains songs by the Beatles, Led Zeppelin, Nirvana, and others that are organized by album. Most of the MIDI music is pretty simple, but you can have some fun playing with it. Red Hat Linux comes with several different MIDI players, including playmidi (from the playmidi package) and xplaymidi (from the playmidi-X11 package). The playmidi command is a text-based MIDI player. The xplaymidi command provides an X interface to the playmidi command. For any of the commands, you simply type the command followed by the name of the MIDI file you want to play. The few options include choices to mask a particular channel number (-c#, where # is replaced by the channel to mask) or to ignore any percussion tracks (-d). If you use xplaymidi, however, the interface enables you to selectively turn tracks off and on. Figure 8-5 shows the xplaymidi window (playing Bach s Brandenburg Concerto No. 3).
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Using the Playlist Editor The Playlist Editor lets you put together a list of audio files that you want to play. You can add and delete files from this list, save them to a file, and use them again later. Click the PL button in the XMMS window to open the Playlist Editor. The Playlist Editor allows you to: Add files to the playlist Click the + File button. The Load Files window appears. Select the directory containing your audio files (it s useful to keep them all in one place) from the left column. Then either select a file from the right column and click Add selected files or click Add all files in the directory. Click OK. The selected file or files appear in the playlist. Select files to play To select from the files in the playlist, use the previous track and next track buttons in the main XMMS window. The selected file is highlighted. Click the Play button to play that file. Alternatively, you can double-click on any file in the playlist to start it playing. Delete files from the playlist To remove a file from the playlist, select the file you want to remove (next/previous track buttons) and click the - File button. The file is removed. Sort files on the playlist To sort the playlist in different ways, click and hold the Misc Opt button and move the mouse to select Sort List. Then you can select Sort List to sort the list by Title, Filename, or Path and Filename. You can also randomize or reverse the list. Save the playlist To save the current playlist, hold the mouse button down on the Load List button and then select Save List. Type the name you want to assign to the playlist and click OK. Load the playlist To reload a saved playlist, click the Load List button. Select a previously saved playlist from the file list and click OK. There is also a tiny set of buttons on the bottom of the Playlist Editor screen. These are the same buttons as those on the main screen used for selecting different tracks or playing, pausing, stopping, or ejecting the current track. Playing MP3 with freeamp The freeamp MP3 player has some clever controls. You can click in the display area to cycle through the current time, remaining time, and total time associated with the music. Press and hold the left mouse button on dials on either side of the display, then move them to adjust the volume (left dial) or to seek a particular place in the song (right dial). Freeamp is not part of the Red Hat Linux distribution. The freeamp player is available from the FreeAmp Home Page (http://www.freeamp.org/), or you can type rpmfind freeamp to find it from a Red Hat mirror site. To start freeamp to run on your X display, type the following: $ freeamp & Figure 8-4 shows the freeamp display window.
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Click the Play button (the arrow pointing to the right) on the console. A Load Files window appears. 4. Select the .mp3 or other music file you want to play and click OK. (Change directories as required to locate the file.) The music file starts playing. 5. With a file selected and playing, here are a few actions you can take: Control play Buttons for controlling play are what you may expect to see on a physical CD player. From left to right, the buttons let you go to a previous track, play, pause, stop, go to the next track, or eject. The eject button opens a window, allowing you to load the next file. Adjust sound Use the left slider bar to adjust the volume. Use the right slider bar to change the right-to-left balance. Display time Click in the elapsed time area to toggle between elapsed time and time remaining. View file information Click the button in the upper-left corner of the screen to see the XMMS menu. Then select View File Info. You can usually find out a lot of information about the file: title, artist, album, comments, and genre. For an MP3 file, you can see specific information about the file itself, such as the format, bit rate, sample rate, frames, file size, and more. You can change or add to the tag information and click Save to keep it. 6. When you are done playing music, click the Stop button to stop the current song. Then click the X in the upper-right corner of the display to close the window. Special features of the XMMS Audio Player let you adjust high and low frequencies using a graphic equalizer and gather and play songs using a Playlist Editor. Click the button marked EQ next to the balance bar on the player to open the Equalizer. Click the button marked PL next to that to open the Playlist Editor. Using the Equalizer The Equalizer lets you use slider bars to set different levels to different frequencies played. Bars on the left adjust lower frequencies, and those on the right adjust higher frequencies. Select the EQ button to open the Equalizer. Here are some tasks you can perform with the Equalizer: If you like the settings you have for a particular song, you can save them as a Preset. Set each frequency as you like it and click the Preset button. Then choose Save Preset. Type a name for the preset and click OK. To reload a preset you created earlier, click the Preset button and select Load Preset. Select the preset you want and click OK. The settings change to those of the preset you just loaded. The small window in the center/top of the Equalizer shows the sound wave formed by your settings. You can adjust the Preamp bar on the left to boost different levels in the set range.
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Output from mpg321 is usually directed to your sound card (usually /dev/audio or /dev/dsp). You can also direct output directly to the speaker (-o s), headphones (-o h), or the line-out connector (-o l). To play the output faster, use the -d # option, where # is replaced by the number of times faster. For example, -d 2 plays the output twice as fast. To play the output half as fast, use -h 2. Playing MP3 with XMMS Audio Player The XMMS Audio Player (which stands for X Multimedia System) provides a graphical interface for playing your MP3 audio files, as well as audio files in a variety of other formats. It has some nice extras too, which include an equalizer and a playlist editor. If the player looks familiar to you, that s because it is styled after the Windows winamp program. You can start the XMMS Audio Player from the Gnome desktop menu by choosing Programs Multimedia XMMS. Or you can run the xmms command from a Terminal window. Figure 8-3 consists of the XMMS Audio Player with the associated equalizer below and the Playlist Editor to the right. Figure 8-3: Play MP3 and other audio files from the XMMS playlist. As noted earlier, you can play other formats of audio files as well as MP3. Supported audio file formats include the following: MP2 and MP3 streams WAV AU CD Audio CIN Movies The XMMS Audio Player can be used in the following way: 1. Obtain music files to play. One way is to download files from the Web (for instance, from MP3.com) and store them in an accessible directory. 2. Choose Programs Multimedia XMMS from the Gnome desktop menu to open the XMMS player. (Or type xmms from a Terminal window.) 3.
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The cdp display also lets you enter the names of the Artist, CD, and each song. Because this information is saved, you can see it each time you play the CD. Type these commands while the cdp display is showing to edit information about the CD currently playing: a Edit the Artist Name c Edit the CD Name Enter Edit the title of the current song Caution If you try to edit a song name and cdp crashes, type eject to stop the CD from playing. Editing the song name seems to work better if you pause the song first. The arrow keys are also pretty handy for controlling CDs in cdp. The up arrow is for pause/play, and the left arrow is to go back a track. The right arrow is to go forward a track, and the down arrow is to eject. MP3 audio players One of the most popular, and controversial, audio formats is the MPEG layer 3 audio format (MP3). This format produces relatively small music files that can produce excellent sound quality for recorded music. MP3 is becoming the format of choice for high-quality music distribution on the Web. An MPEG file is usually identifiable by the .mp3 suffix. For music, 1MB of MPEG sound plays about one minute of music. Files that play only spoken words can hold many more minutes of content per megabyte. There are literally thousands of MPEG music files available on the Web. Because of the lawsuits from the music industry to stop copyright infringement, many sites that once promoted the free exchange of music files (such as MP3.com and Napster.com) are moving toward subscription/fee-based businesses. If you are okay with the fees, these services are a great way to get the songs you like in the time it takes to do a download. For playing MP3 content in Red Hat Linux, I describe, in the following sections, the mpg321 command (text-based), the xmms player, and the freeamp player (X Window based). In general, mpg321 is the more reliable way to play an MP3 (or other MPEG format) audio file, while the xmms player has a great interface. Note The RealPlayer, described later in this chapter, is also capable of playing MP3 audio files. Its primary function, however, is to play RealMedia files (.ram) and streaming video and audio. Playing MP3 with mpg321 The mpg321 player is a free version of the not-free mpg123 player. Besides playing MPEG layer 3 files (MP3), the mpg321 utility also plays MPEG layer 1 and layer 2 files. This utility runs at the command line, by entering the command and the name of the file (or files) you want to play. Here is an example: $ mpg321 music_file.mp3 There are several options available with mpg321. You can test your mp3 file, without producing any output, using the -t option. There are also several options that allow you to decode or mix only selected channels. If you use the verbose option (-v), you can see the frame numbers being played and the elapsed time (and time remaining). The Verbose output looks similar to this: $ mpg321 -v music_file.mp3 Frame# 2456 [ 3456 }, Time: 01:40.34 [01:23.52],
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If the procedure is successful, information about the CD should appear in the Track Editor window. You will see the name of the artist, the title of the CD, and the title of each track. Note You need a connection to the Internet from your Red Hat Linux system to take advantage of Internet CD databases. Playing CDs with cdp If you are working from a dumb terminal or just don t have your X desktop running, you can run the cdp utility (which comes with Red Hat Linux) to play CDs. I don t suggest running this from an X Terminal window; it doesn t display properly. First, insert the music CD you want to play. Then, to start cdp, go to a virtual terminal (Ctrl+Alt+F3) and type: $ cdp You should see a blue screen containing the cdp display. If instead of starting on the first track you want to start on another track (for example, track 5), type: $ cdp play 5 When cdp starts, you can see all the tracks, how long each track plays, and total play time. To control the play of the CD, use the following controls (turn on Num Lock to use these numbers from the numeric keypad): 9 Play 8 Pause/Resume 7 Stop 6 Next Track 5 Replay Current Track 4 Previous Track 3 Forward 15 Seconds 2 Quit (Stop Music and Exit) 1 Back 15 Seconds 0 Exit (Continue Music and Exit) . Help (Press the period key)
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