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updated for quite some time. If you are interested, go to www.iicm.edu/vrwave for more information and links to download the plug-in. Summary Getting your Red Hat Linux system set up for sound and video can take some doing, but once it s done you can play most audio and video content that is available today. This chapter took you through the steps of setting up and troubleshooting your sound card. When that was done, you learned how to find software to play music through that card. Video players, such as Xanim, were described for playing video clips in Red Hat Linux. The chapter also covered how to get the RealPlayer from Real Networks so you can draw from the large pool of RealMedia content available on the Web. To download images from a digital camera, the gPhoto window was described. If your computer has a CD burner, use descriptions in this chapter to create your own music CDs and CD labels. The chapter described a few plug-ins that you can add to your Netscape browser to play some types of multimedia content as you browse the Web. Finally, it described the current state of DVD and VRML content in Linux.
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Figure 8-11: Generate CD jewel case labels with cdlabelgen and print them with gv. You will probably want to edit the command and re-run gv a few times to get the CD label correct. When you are ready to print the label (assuming you have a printer configured for your computer), click Print All to print the label. Multimedia Technologies in Waiting Some multimedia technologies are on the horizon for Linux. Here are two technologies that have varied levels of support in Linux: DVD and Virtual Reality. DVD movies DVD (which stands for Digital Video Disk or Digital Versatile Disk, depending on whom you ask) is the latest medium for selling movies to consumers. Some believe that DVDs will eventually make VHS video a thing of the past. DVD technology is being built into standalone players as well as computers. Currently, all official DVD players that are built into computers run only under MS Windows operating systems. Several efforts are underway to make DVDs usable in Linux. Linux drivers have been developed for a PCI DVD decoder board by a German company called Convergence Integrated Media (http://www.convergence.de/). The company is developing a PCI DVD board to use the drivers. If you can t wait that long, check out the latest happenings of the Linux Video and DVD project (or LiViD). There is a collection of video and DVD Linux projects that are accessible from the LiViD site (http://www.linuxvideo.org/). Caution The entertainment industry has filed several lawsuits, attempting to protect the decryption scheme used in DVD movies. Because the legality of using the DeCSS software described by OpenDVD.org to decrypt DVD movies is still in question, I recommend that you study the legal issues before using the software. One site you can visit is the DeCSS Central Web page (www.lemuria.org/DeCSS). Virtual reality Some people believed that virtual reality would one day be the interface of choice on the Internet. Imagine being able to wander through virtual malls to do your shopping or a virtual town to make vacation plans. So far, virtual reality mania has not overrun the Internet. As for Linux support, the VRwave plug-in seems to be the only software available for viewing virtual reality content (VRML format). And that software hasn t been
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/home/jake/ogg). The subdirectory is named for the artist and CD. For example, if the user jake were ripping the called High Life by the artist Mumbo, the directory containing the ripped songs would be /home/jake/ogg/mumbo/high_life. Each song file would be named for the song (for example, fly_fly_fly.wav). At this point you can play any of the files using a player that can play WAV or MP3 files, such as xmms. Or you can copy the files back to the CD using CD record. Because the file names are the song names, they don’t appear in the same order as they appear on the CD. So if you want to copy them back to a writable CD in the same order where they originally appeared, you may have to type each file name individually on the cdrecord command line. Here is an example: # cdrecord -v dev=0,0,0 -audio fly_fly_fly.wav big_news.wav about_time.wav The grip window can also be used to play CDs. Use the buttons on the bottom of the display to play/pause, skip ahead/back, stop and eject the CD. The Toggle track display button lets you shrink the size of the display so it doesn’t take up much space on the desktop. Click Toggle disc editor to see and change title, artist, and track information. Creating CD labels with cdlabelgen The cdlabelgen command can be used to create tray cards and front cards to fit in CD jewel cases. You gather information about the CD and cdlabelgen produces a PostScript output file that you can send to the printer. The cdlabelgen package also comes with graphics (in /usr/share/cdlabelgen) that you can incorporate into your labels. Here is an example of a cdlabelgen command line that you can use to generate a CD label file in PostScript format. (Type it all on one line or use backslashes, as shown here, to put it on multiple lines.) cdlabelgen -c “Grunge is Gone” -s “Yep HipHop” -i “If You Feed Me%Sockin Years%City Road%Platinum and Copper%Fly Fly Fly% Best Man Spins%What A Headache%Stayin Put Feelin%Dreams Do Go Blue%Us% Mildest Schemes” -o yep.ps In this example, the title of the CD is indicated by -c “Grunge is Gone” and the artist by the -s “Yep HipHop” option. The tracks are entered after the -i option, with each line separated by a % sign. The output file is sent to the file yep.ps with the -o option. To view and print the results, you can use the gv command as follows: $ gv yep.ps The results of this example are shown in Figure 8-11.
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Figure 8-10: Rip and play songs from the grip window. To rip audio tracks from a CD with grip, do the following: 1. With the grip window open, insert a music CD into your CD drive. If you have an active connection to the Internet and the CD is known to the CD database, then title, artist, and track information appear for the CD. 2. Right click on each track that you want to rip ( that is, copy to your hard disk). A check mark appears under the Rip column for the song. 3. Click the Rip tab at the top of the page. The Rip tab appears. 4. Click one of the following: Rip+Encode This rips the selected songs in MP3 format. You need an MP3 player to play the songs after they have been ripped in this format. Rip only This rips the selected songs in WAV format. You can use a standard CD player to play these songs. Songs are copied to the hard disk in the format you selected. By default, the files are copied into a subdirectory of $HOME/ogg (that is, the ogg directory in your home directory, such as
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command to output the files to WAV audio format. Instead of extracting all songs, you can choose a single track or a range of tracks to extract. For example, to extract tracks 3 through 5, add the -t3+5 option. To extract just track 9, add -t9+9. To extract track 7 through the end of the CD, add -t7. 5. Insert a blank CD into your writable CD drive. 6. Use the cdrecord command to write the music tracks to the CD. For example: # cdrecord -v dev=0,0,0 -audio *.wav The options to cdrecord tell the command to create an audio CD (-audio) on the writable CD device located on 0,0,0. The cdrecord command writes all files from the current directory that end in .wav. The -v option causes verbose output. If you want to change the order of the tracks, you can type their names in the order you want them written (instead of using *.wav). If your CD writer supports higher speeds, you can use the speed option to double (speed=2) or to quadruple (speed=4) the writing speed. Once you have created the music CD, indicate the contents of the CD on the front of the CD. The CD should now be ready to play on any standard music CD player. Ripping CDs with grip The grip window provides a more graphical method of copying music from CDs to your hard disk. You can then play the songs directly from your hard disk or burn them back on to a blank CD. You can open Grip from the Gnome menu by choosing Programs Multimedia grip or by typing grip from a Terminal window. Figure 8-10 shows an example of the Grip window.
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0,7,0 7) * Here you can see that cdrecord has detected two CD drives on SCSI bus 0. A writable CD drive is at 0,0,0 and a read-only CD is located at 0,1,0. You need to remember these numbers later when you use cdrecord to create a CD. Until your CD burners show up on this list, cdrecord cannot write to them. 5. After you have added your CD writer as a SCSI device, it may no longer be available to the CD players described in this chapter. By default, those players play the /dev/cdrom device, which in this case points to an IDE drive. To fix that, type the following as root user: # cd /dev # rm cdrom # ln -s scd0 cdrom If you have two CD drives, repeat this step, replacing cdrom with cdrom1, and scd0 with scd1. Creating an Audio CD with cdrecord You can use the cdrecord command to create either data or music CDs. You can create a data CD, by setting up a separate file system and copying the whole image of that file system to CD. Creating an audio CD consists of selecting the audio tracks you want to copy and copying them all at once to the CD. This section focuses on using cdrecord to create audio CDs. The cdrecord command can use audio files in .au, .wav, or .cdr format, automatically translating them when necessary. If you have audio files in other formats, you can convert them to one of the supported formats by using the sox command (described previously in this chapter). Cross-Reference See Chapter 13 for a description of how to use cdrecord to create data CDs. One way to create an audio CD is to copy the music tracks you want to a directory; then copy them to the writable CD. To extract the tracks, you can use the cdda2wav command. Then you write them to CD by using the cdrecord command. Here is an example: 1. Create a directory to hold the audio files, and change to that directory. Make sure the directory can hold up to 660MB of data (or less if you are burning fewer songs). For example: # mkdir /tmp/cd # cd /tmp/cd 2. Type the cdrecord –scanbus command (as shown earlier) to determine the SCSI device number of your CD-ROM drive. 3. Insert the music CD into your CD-ROM drive. (If a CD player opens on the desktop, close it.) 4. Extract the music tracks you want by using the cdda2wav command. For example: # cdda2wav -D0,0,0 -B -owav This example reads all of the music tracks from the CD-ROM drive located at SCSI device number 0,0,0. The -B option says to output each track to a separate file. The -owav option tells the cdda2wav
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SCSI emulation. After that, Linux CD writing tools write to it as though it were a SCSI drive. Configuring an IDE CD-ROM for recording If you are using a SCSI drive, you are probably ready to begin recording; CD recording tools in Linux should recognize and be able to use your drive automatically. If you are using an IDE-based drive, however, you may have some work to do. In most cases, your IDE writable CD drive should be recognized and properly configured when you install Red Hat Linux. The following boot option should automatically appear as an option to your bootloader: hdc=ide-scsi This shows that IDE disk device “c”(hdc) is set up to do SCSI emulation. If this is working properly, you should be able to type the following to see if the CD drive appears on the list of accessible SCSI devices. $ cdrecord –scanbus If your IDE writable CD drive is not working, check that the following basic steps are done: 1) have SCSI emulation built into the kernel; 2) remove the IDE-CD module; and 3) add the IDE-SCSI module. By default, SCSI emulation should be built into your kernel, so unless you remove it, there s nothing you have to do there. Here s how you accomplish the other two steps: 1. To remove the ide-cd module, as root user add the following line to the /etc/modules.conf file (using any text editor). options ide-cd ignore=hdc In this example, the writable CD-ROM device is located at /dev/hdc. Replace hdc with the location of your CD device. If you are not sure, type dmesg | grep ^hd to see a list of IDE disks on your computer. 2. Restart your computer. 3. To add the ide-scsi module, type the following command: # modprobe -a ide-scsi 4. To make sure Linux can recognize your CD writer, type the following command: # cdrecord -scanbus Cdrecord 1.10 (i686-pc-linux-gnu) Copyright (C) 1995-2001 J rg Schilling Linux sg driver version: 3.1.19 Using libscg version ’schily-0.5′ scsibus0: 0,0,0 0) ‘IDE-CD’ ‘R/RW 4×4x24 ‘’1.04′ Removable CD-ROM 0,1,0 1) ‘SONY ‘’CD-ROM CDU701 ‘’1.0f’ Removable CD-ROM 0,2,0 2) * 0,3,0 3) * 0,4,0 4) * 0,5,0 5) * 0,6,0 6) *
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Here are two plug-ins for Netscape that come with Red Hat Linux and allow you to play some types of multimedia content that you may not otherwise be able to play in Linux. Shockwave Flash Player This plug-in plays multimedia FutureSplash content created by Flash 3 authoring software from Macromedia (http://www.macromedia.com/). It also plays Shockwave Flash multimedia content. Flash content can contain animation, vector graphics, sound, and interactive interfaces. Plugger This is a streaming multimedia plug-in for Netscape on UNIX platforms. On the back end of Plugger are applications such as Xanim, MpegTV, and several other applications that actually process the data. (In other words, these other applications need to be installed so that Plugger can use them to provide the features you select.) Another plug-in you should consider installing is the Adobe Acrobat Reader plug-in. You can get it by installing the acroread. (You can use the rpmfind acroread command to locate a copy of the acroread package from the Internet.) Installing a plug-in often means simply copying the plug-in file to the directory where Netscape will find it. On my system the location is the /usr/lib/netscape/plugins directory. The best way to find this location, as well as a list of other plug-ins that are already installed, is to open Netscape and then choose Help About Plug-ins. Figure 8-9 shows what this listing looks like after I installed the Adobe Acrobat Reader plug-in. Figure 8-9: Find what plug-ins are installed in Netscape using Help @@> About Plug-ins. The listing of plug-ins shows the name of the plug-in, the MIME type of the content it can play, and the filename extensions on the files it can play. Recording Music CDs Writable CD-ROM drives are fast becoming a standard device on computers. Where once you had to settle for a floppy disk (1.44MB) or a Zip disk (100MB) to store personal data, a CD-ROM burner lets you store more than 600MB of data in a format that can be exchanged with most computers. On top of that, you can create CD music disks! Both graphical and command-line tools exist for creating CDs in Red Hat Linux. The cdrecord command lets you create audio and data CDs from the command line. The xcdroast provides a graphical interface. Both tools let you write to CD-Recordable (CD-R) and CD-Rewritable (CD-RW) drives. The cdrecord command and xcdroast window are described in the next section of this chapter. Only SCSI CD-ROM drives can be used to create CDs in Linux with the current tools. If you have an IDE writable CD-ROM, however, don t despair. With a bit of extra configuration, you can set up your drive for
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Sony Supported models: DSC-F1, DSC-F55, DSC-F505, Memory Stick Adapter, and MSAC-SR1 and DCR-PC100. Toshiba Supported model: PDR-M1. To start gPhoto from the Gnome desktop menu, choose Programs Applications gPhoto. A pop-up window asks you to identify the type of camera you are using and the port that it is connected to. At this point you should have your camera attached to a serial port (such as COM1 or COM2) on your computer. After identifying your camera and port, click Save. The main gPhoto window appears, as shown in Figure 8-8. Figure 8-8: Download images from digital cameras from the gPhoto window. To view images from your digital camera, choose Camera Download Index. Then either select Thumbnails (to display thumbnail views of each image) or No Thumbnails to simply see a gray box representing each image. Thumbnails take much longer to appear than the gray boxes. So if you want to just select one image at a time to view, you can click No Thumbnails. After images are selected, choose Camera Download Selected Thumbnails. Then select either Images or Thumbnails. After that, you can select either Open in window (to view the selected images) or Save to disk (to save the selected images). After images are displayed, you can rotate the images, flip them vertically or horizontally, resize them, or modify colors. You can also save, print, or delete selected images. MultiMedia Netscape Plug-ins and Helper Apps Because much of your stock of video clips, audio clips, and other multimedia content will probably come from the Internet, it makes sense to be able to play that content in your Internet browser. Software added to Netscape Navigator to play different content takes the form of plug-ins and helper apps. In simple terms, a Netscape plug-in is software that plays a particular type of data (a video, sound clip, or other form of content) within the Netscape display area. A helper app is software that is launched as a separate application by Netscape to handle a particular type of data (usually by opening a separate window). Compared to the number of plug-ins available for the Windows platforms, very few plug-ins can be used with your Red Hat Linux system. Those plug-ins that apply to multimedia content are described in the text that follows. Any application that can play multimedia content in Red Hat Linux, however, can be added to Netscape as a helper application. See Chapter 9 for a description of how to add helper applications to Netscape.
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Chinon Supported model: ES-1000. Epson PhotoPC Supported models: 500, 550, 600, 700, and 800. Fuji Supported models: DS-7, DX-5, DX-10, MX-500, MX-600, MX-700, MX-1200, and MX 2700. Hewlett-Packard PhotoSmart Supported models: C20, C30, and C2000. Kodak DC Supported models: 20, 25, 200+, 210, 210+ Zoom, 215 Zoom, 220 +, 240, and 280. Konica Supported models: QM100, QM100V, Q-EZ, Q-M100, Q-M100V, and Q-M200. Leica Supported model: Digilux Zoom. Minolta Supported model: Dimage V. Mustek Supported model: MDC 800 v2. Nicon CoolPix Supported models: 100, 300, 600, 700, 800, 900, 900S, 950, and 950S. Olympus Supported models: D-100Z, D-200L, D-220L, D-300L, D-320L, D-330R, D-340L, D-340R, D-400L Zoom, D-450Z, D-500L, D-600L, D-620L, C-400L, C-410L, C-800L, C-820L, C-830L, C-840L, C-900 Zoom, C-900L Zoom, C-1000L, C-1400L, and C-2000Z. Panasonic Supported models: Coolshot KXI-600A and Cardshot NV-DCF5E. Philips Supported models: ESP60 and ESP 80. Polaroid Supported model: PDC 640. Ricoh RDC Supported models: 300, 300Z, 4200, 4300, and 5000. Samsung Supported models: Kenox SSC-350N and Digimax 800K. Sanyo VPC Supported models: G210, G200, G250, and X350.
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